You can look at the header information for a netCDF dataset using the Unix command ncdump:
> ncdump -h filename.nc
The output of this command shows the dimensions defined in the file, and the variables and coordinate variables that it contains.
There is more about netCDF files in the Ferret Users' guide, https://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/Ferret/documentation/users-guide/converting-to-netcdf.
The full CF standard is here (quite a long document!) https://cfconventions.org/Data/cf-conventions/cf-conventions-1.10/cf-conventions.html