TROPICAL
ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN (TAO) PROGRAM
FINAL
CRUISE
INSTRUCTIONS
FOR
KA-05-02
(GP2-05-KA)
April
5 � May 12, 2005
TAO Program Director
Dr. Michael J. McPhaden
PMEL, TAO Project Office
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
Area:���� Equatorial Pacific
Itinerary:
KA-04-05��������� San
Diego CA��������������� DEP�� April 5, 2005
����������������������� Galapagos,
Ecuador������� ARR�� April 28, 2005�����
Galapagos,
Ecuador������� DEP�� May 2, 2005
Manzanillo,
Mexico� ������ ARR
��May 12, 2005
CRUISE DESCRIPTION
General guidelines are contained in the TAO
Program Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship KA�IMIMOANA dated December 8, 2004.
Cruise Objective and Plan:
The objective of this cruise is the maintenance
of the TAO Array along the 110�W and 95�W meridians.� The scientific complement for the cruise will
embark in San Diego, CA, on April 6, 2005.�
The ship will depart on April 7, 2005, to commence operations as listed
in Appendix A.� The ship will stop in the
Galapagos, Ecuador, on or about April 28 � May 2, 2005.� After completion of operations, NOAA Ship KA�IMIMOANA will proceed to Manzanillo, Mexico, arriving on or
about May 12, 2005.�� All dates and times
referred to in these cruise instructions are in Pacific Standard Time (PST).
MOP
Operations:�������������������������������� TAO
Operations Manager:
Larry Mordock������������������������������������� LCDR Brian
Lake, NOAA
NOAA/MOC-Pacific (MOC-P1x3)���������������������� PMEL, TAO, R/E/PM
1801 Fairview Avenue East�������������������������������� 7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, Washington� 98102-3767������������ Seattle,
Washington 98115-0070
(206) 553-4764������������������������������������������������� (206)
526-6403
Larry.Mordock@noaa.gov��������������������������������� Brian.Lake@noaa.gov
1.0������� PERSONNEL
1.1������� CHIEF SCIENTIST AND PARTICIPATING
SCIENTISTS:
Chief Scientist:
������������� Dave Zimmerman
The Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or
alter the scientific portion of the cruise plan as work progresses provided
that, after consultation with the Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that
the proposed changes will not: (1) jeopardize the safety of personnel or the
ship; (2) exceed the overall time allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue
additional expenses; (4) alter the general intent of these instructions.� A list of participating scientists
follows.� All participating scientists
will submit a medical history form and be medically approved before embarking.
Participating Scientists:
Name |
Gender |
Nationality |
Affiliation |
Dave
Zimmerman |
M |
US |
NOAA/PMEL |
Mike
McPhaden (Leg 1) |
M |
US |
NOAA/PMEL |
Dennis
Moore |
M |
US |
NOAA/PMEL |
Brian
Powers |
M |
US |
NOAA/PMEL |
Patrick
Rafter |
M |
US |
SIO/MBARI |
Eric
Gehrie |
M |
US |
University
of Chicago |
Kathleen
O�Neil (Leg 2) |
F |
US |
NDBC |
Rodney
Riley (Leg 2) |
M |
US |
SAIC/NDBC |
2.0������� OPERATIONS
Mooring Operations are scheduled to be conducted
as shown in Appendix A.� Operations will
be conducted from 08�N � 110�W to 08�S � 110�W and 08�S � 95�W to 08�N � 95�W.� The following mooring operations are
anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction of the Chief
Scientist, in consultation with the Commanding Officer.
Location |
Mooring Type |
Operation |
Status |
08�N
110�W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
05�N
110�W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
Moved
|
02�N
110�W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
Moved |
0�
110�W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
Sentinel
ADCP in toroid |
02�S
110�W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
Dive
ops to inspect toroid* |
05�S
110�W |
ATLAS |
Repair |
Replace
Wind Dive
Ops to inspect toroid* |
08�S
110�W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
Dive
Ops to inspect toroid* |
Transit |
|
|
|
08�S
95�W |
ATLAS |
Repair
|
Install
new SSC |
05�S
95�W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
02�S
95�W |
ATLAS |
Repair |
Swap
RMY, Rain Dive
Ops to inspect toroid* |
Galapagos |
|
|
|
0�
95�W |
ATLAS |
Repair |
Swap RMY |
02�N
95�W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
Moved |
05�N
95�W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
08�N
95�W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
Moved |
* Time permitting.
2.01����� CTD
At a minimum, 1,000 meter CTD casts shall be
conducted at each mooring site between 08�N and 08�S for sensor inter‑comparison
purposes.� As time permits, additional or
deeper CTD�s should be conducted whenever addition of the CTD�s will not impact
scheduled mooring work.� For example, if
the ship would arrive at the next mooring site in the middle of the night, it
is preferable to do CTD�s on the way, rather than remain hove to waiting for
daylight.� Another example would be when
mooring operations are significantly ahead of schedule.� Beyond those at mooring sites, CTD�s should
be conducted in the following order of priority:
�
1,000m CTD�s at one degree latitude
intervals between 12�N and 08�S, along the ship�s trackline.
�
Extend 1,000m CTD�s at mooring sites to a
minimum of 3,000m or a maximum depth of 200m from bottom.� Four to six deep casts are optimal, occurring
at the beginning and end of the cruise as well as at both equatorial sites.
�
1,000m CTD�s every one‑half degree
of latitude between 03�N and 03�S.
�
Additional calibration CTD�s to be determined
by Chief Scientist.
2.02����� Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
(MBARI) Chlorophyll and Nutrients
Phytoplankton biomass work consisting of
chlorophyll extractions and nutrients samples will be collected from CTD
rosette at 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150, and 200m.� The total volume used from each bottle,
including rinses is approximately one liter; except for the surface bottle,
which will require approximately three liters.�
This requires use of the sink/bench area of the wet lab for filtration
purposes.� Chlorophyll samples will be
measured on-board using a bench-top fluorometer that will require use of the salinometer room.�
Nutrient samples (sea water) will be stored in the science hold and
off-loaded upon return.
2.03����� Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological
Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters
The Global Drifter Center at NOAA/AOML requests
drifter deployments on an ancillary basis.�
The drifters are small, easily deployed devices that are tracked by
ARGOS and provide Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and mixed layer currents.� The global array of drifters provides SST
ground truth for NOAA�s polar orbiting satellite
AVHRR SST maps.� They also provide data
to operational meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean current data
sets.
AOML drifters are scheduled at the following
positions:�
5N,
2N, equ, 2S, 5S on 95 W
5N,
2N, equ, 2S, 5S on 110 W
Craig
Engler, NOAA/AOML
Global
Drifter Center,
Tel:
(305) 361‑4439
Fax:
(305) 361‑4392
E-mail:
Craig.Engler@noaa.gov
URL:
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/
2.04����� Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
(PMEL) Argo Profiling CTD Floats
Ten
Argo floats are scheduled for deployment on this cruise.�� Individual deployment positions can be
shifted by a degree or so along the ship track if more convenient.� Each float weighs about 56 lbs.� The boxes weigh about 200 lbs. full and are
82� long x 17� high x 23� long.� Boxes
cannot be stored or transported on their small ends. ��The floats are sensitive to high
temperatures, so as space for a pair of floats becomes available on the
computer lab rack, it will be desirable to move floats from the next box to the
rack at the earliest convenient time.� A
manual for float testing and deployment has been sent to the ship. There are three mission configurations for argo floats on GP-02:
Compressee:� serial
numbers 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962
Offset PTT:��
serial numbers 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968
Regular floats:�
serial numbers 1239, 1873
Floats within each of these groups are
interchangeable with one another.� Compressee and frequency offset PTT floats are labeled on
their hulls and crates to make this easier to keep track of.
We would like the floats deployed as follows
(again, if it eases deployment, within 1 degree is fine).� This list includes the type of float to be
deployed at each target location followed by the serial numbers of that
type.�
110W 5N���� compressee (1959,
1960, 1961, or 1962)
110W 3N���� compressee (1959,
1960, 1961, or 1962)
110W 1N���� regular (1239 or 1873)
110W 1S����� regular (1239 or 1873)
110W 6S����� offset (1965, 1966, 1967,� or 1968)
110W 8S����� offset (1965, 1966, 1967,� or 1968)
95W�� 6S����� offset (1965, 1966, 1967,� or 1968)
95W�� 3S����� offset (1965, 1966, 1967,� or 1968)
95W�� 0N/S� compressee (1959,
1960, 1961, or 1962)
95W�� 2N���� compressee (1959,
1960, 1961, or 1962)
Argo float questions should be directed to:
Gregory
Johnson, NOAA/PMEL������������� or�������������������� Elizabeth Steffen,
NOAA/PMEL
Tel:
(206) 526-6806������������������������������������������������������������������� Tel:
(206) 526-6747
E-mail:
pmel_floats@noaa.gov���������������������������������������������������� E-mail:
pmel_floats@noaa.gov
2.05����� Discreet Gas Sampler
Whole air samples are cryogenically
dried and pumped into glass flasks by an automated system in the computer
lab.� Following the cruise, the flasks
are returned to Princeton University for analysis by prepaid FEDEX.� Pairs of flasks are collected while the ship
is underway at 08�N, 04�N, 00�, 04�S, and 08�S along the 110�W and 95�W
lines.� Automated sampling cycle is
approximately five hours.� It is
anticipated that the Survey Technician will perform the maintenance tasks.� The Survey Technician will be shipping the
samples back to Princeton University.
The contact for this project is:
Michael Bender
Princeton University
Tel: (609) 258-2936�
E-mail: bender@geo.princeton.edu
2.06����� Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) Analysis
A 0.5 liter sea water sample from surface CTD
casts will be taken and stored for later dissolved inorganic carbon
analysis.� Sample jars and Scripps
Institute of Oceanography will provide sample jars and mercury chloride
solution.� It is anticipated that the
Survey Technician, together with embarked scientific personnel will take the
samples.� A small bench-top drill press
is installed on the ship to assist with the bottle capping process.� Samples will be shipped to Scripps at the
conclusion of this cruise.
The contacts for this project are:
Dr.
Andrew Dickson����������������������������������������� Dr.
Richard Feely
Scripps
Institution of Oceanography�������������������� NOAA/PMEL
University
of California, San Diego���������������������� 7600
Sand Point Way NE
Room
203 � Vaughan Hall���������������������������������������������� Seattle,
Washington� 98115
8675
Discovery Way
La
Jolla, California 92037�����������������������������������������������������������
Tel:
(858) 534-2582������������������������������������������������������� Tel:
(206) 526-6214
Email:
adickson@ucsd.edu��������������������������������� E-mail: Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov
2.07����� Nitrate N and Oxygen Isotope Analysis
At 00� 110�W and 00� 95�W, a 50-ml seawater
sample from surface CTD casts will be taken and stored for later Nitrate N and
Oxygen isotope analysis.� Sample jars
will be provided by Scripps Institute of Oceanography.� It is anticipated that the Survey Technician,
together with other embarked scientific personnel will take the samples.
Samples will be frozen in the MBARI freezer and will be shipped back to Scripps
at the conclusion of this cruise (in pre-paid FEDEX envelope supplied).
The contact for this project is:
Patrick Rafter
Scripps Institute of Oceanography � UCSD
9500 Gilman Drive
Dept 0208
La Jolla, California 92093
E-mail: prafter@insci14.ucsd.edu
2.08����� University of Washington, APL Float
One
�Lagrangian Float" will be deployed at the
equator at 110�W after the mooring is serviced.�
The floats are designed and constructed at the Applied Physics
Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle,
Washington.� The float will drift at the
base of the mixed layer for three to six months and measure the rates of mixing
by measuring its own depth, temperature and salinity.� The float will surface daily to transmit its
data via Iridium and receive commands.� A
similar float has been deployed along 125�W.�
These floats monitor the effect of mixing in bringing cold water up into
the cold tongue.� Drifter is similar to
Argo float, both in size and deployment technique.
Contact:
Dr. Ren-Chieh Lien�������������������������������������� Eric
D�Asaro
University
of Washington����������������������������� University
of Washington
Applied
Physics Laboratory�������������������������� Applied
Physics Laboratory
Tel:� (206) 685-1079������������������������ Tel:�� (206) 685-2982
E-mail: lien@apl.washington.edu������������������� E-mail: dasaro@apl.washington.edu
2.09 Oxygen, Argon, and Nirtrogen Sample Collection
Deep CTD cast at 110W and 95W as close to the
equator as possible with 15 - 20 samples in each. Niskin bottles will be
sampled for O2, Ar and N2 and
would like to get good coverage of the O2 minimum with some samples to the
ocean bottom and top.
Contact:
Steven
Emerson
P.O.
Box 355351
School
of Oceanography
University
of Washington
Seattle,
WA 98195
E-mail:
emerson@u.washington.edu
Phone:
206-543-0428
FAX: 206-685-3351
3.0������� HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
NOAA Ship KA�IMIMOANA will operate in full compliance with all environmental compliance
requirements imposed by NOAA.� All
hazardous materials/substances needed to carry out the objectives of the
embarked science mission, including ancillary tasks, are the direct responsibility
of the embarked designated Chief Scientist, whether or not that Chief Scientist
is using them directly.�� NOAA Ship KA�IMIMOANA Environmental Compliance Officer will work with the
Chief Scientist to ensure that this management policy is properly executed, and
that any problems are brought promptly to the attention of the Commanding
Officer.
3.1������� Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
All hazardous materials require a Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS).� Copies of all MSDS�s shall be forwarded to the ship at least two weeks
prior to sailing.� The Chief Scientist
shall have copies of each MSDS available when the hazardous materials are
loaded aboard.� Hazardous material for
which the MSDS is not provided will not be loaded aboard.
3.2������� HAZMAT Inventory
The Chief Scientist will complete a local inventory form, provided
by the Commanding Officer, indicating the amount of each material brought
onboard, and for which the Chief Scientist is responsible.� This inventory shall be updated at departure,
accounting for the amount of material being removed, as well as the amount
consumed in science operations and the amount being removed in the form of
waste.
3.3������� HAZMAT Locker
The ship�s dedicated HAZMAT Locker contains two 45-gallon capacity
flammable cabinets and one 22-gallon capacity flammable cabinet, plus some
available storage on the deck.� Unless
there are dedicated storage lockers (meeting OSHA/NFPA standards) in each van,
all HAZMAT, except small amounts for ready use, must be stored in the HAZMAT
Locker.
3.4������� HAZMAT Spill Response
The scientific party, under the supervision of the Chief
Scientist, shall be prepared to respond fully to emergencies involving spills
of any mission HAZMAT.� This includes
providing properly-trained personnel for response, as well as the necessary
neutralizing chemicals and clean-up materials.�
Ship�s personnel are not first responders and will act in a support role
only, in the event of a spill.
3.5������� Responsibilities
The Chief Scientist is directly responsible for the proper handling,
both administrative and physical, of all scientific party hazardous
wastes.� No liquid wastes shall be
introduced into the ship�s drainage system.�
No solid waste material shall be placed in the ship�s garbage.�� Ancillary
Projects shall properly train their personnel in hazardous material handling
and disposal.
3.6������� Ancillary Projects Hazardous Materials
1.�
Mercuric Chloride solution� ��������������������������������������� 400 ml������������������������� Scripps/PMEL
2.�
Mercuric Chloride powder����������������������������������������� 30
g����������������������������� Scripps/PMEL
3.� CO2
cylinder������������������������������������������������������������ 2-AL30������������������������ PMEL
4.� LithX���������������������������������������������������������������������� 1-Pail��������������������������� PMEL
5.
Winkler titration for dissolved oxygen
Sampling:
100 ml-samples, sampled from overflow of MIMS
connection to the underway sampling system
Bench space (computer lab, if possible):
1 m (lab table)
1 m
Storage requirements:
One box of 1 m x 1.5 m x 0.3 m
(microcomputer-controlled titration system, Winkler flasks)
Locker for chemicals
Chemicals:
1 l 5 mol/l H2SO4 solution
1 l 0.14 mol/l Na2S2O3
solution
1 l 8 mol/l NaOH &
4 mol/l KI solution
1 l 3 mol/l MnCl2 solution
500 g sodium bisulfite
500 g sodium sulfite
1500 ml 0.0017 mol/l KIO3 solution
50 l distilled water
6.� Acetone������������������������������������������������������������������� 12l������������������������������� MBARI
7.� Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)������������������������������������������ � 6l������������������������������� MBARI
8.�
Lithium Batteries������������������������������������������������������� 81.6g
Appendices:
A.�
Operations Spreadsheet
B.
�Trackline
C.
Mooring�
Equipment� Weight� List